JAKARTA, KOMPAS.com — Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono akhirnya mengumumkan susunan menteri Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu II di Istana Negara, Jakarta, Rabu (21/10) pukul 22.00. Berikut ini daftar menteri dan pejabat negara dalam kabinet baru yang akan menjabat pada periode tahun 2009-2014.
Menko Politik, Hukum, dan Keamanan: Marsekal TNI Purn Djoko Suyanto Menko Perekonomian: Hatta Rajasa
Menko Kesra: Agung Laksono Menteri Sekretaris Negara: Sudi Silalahi
Menteri Dalam Negeri: Gamawan Fauzi Menteri Luar Negeri: Marty Natalegawa Menteri Pertahanan: Purnomo Yusgiantoro
Menteri Hukum dan HAM: Patrialis Akbar Menteri Keuangan: Sri Mulyani Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral: Darwin Zahedy Saleh Menteri Perindustrian: MS Hidayat Menteri Perdagangan: Mari Elka Pangestu Menteri Pertanian: Suswono Menteri Kehutanan: Zulkifli Hasan Menteri Perhubungan: Freddy Numberi Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan: Fadel Muhammad Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi: Muhaimin Iskandar Menteri Pekerjaan Umum: Djoko Kirmanto
Menteri Kesehatan: Endang Rahayu Sedyaningsih Menteri Pendidikan Nasional: M Nuh Menteri Sosial: Salim Assegaf Aljufrie Menteri Agama: Suryadharma Ali Menteri Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata: Jero Wacik Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika: Tifatul Sembiring Menneg Riset dan Teknologi: Suharna Surapranata Menteri Negara Urusan Koperasi dan UKM: Syarifudin Hasan Menneg Lingkungan Hidup: Gusti Moh Hatta Menneg Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak: Linda Agum Gumelar
Menneg Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi: EE Mangindaan Menneg Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal: Helmy Faisal Zaini
Menneg PPN/Kepala Bappenas: Armida Alisjahbana Menneg BUMN: Mustafa Abubakar Menneg Perumahan Rakyat: Suharso Manoarfa Menneg Pemuda dan Olahraga: Andi Mallarangeng
Pejabat Negara:
Ketua Unit Kerja Presiden Pengawasan dan Pengendalian Pembangunan: Kuntoro Mangkusubroto Kepala BIN (Badan Intelijen Negara): Jenderal Pol Purn Sutanto Kepala BKPM (Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal): Gita Wirjawan
Sumpah Pemuda merupakan sumpah setia hasil rumusan Kerapatan Pemoeda-PemoediIndonesia atau dikenal dengan Kongres Pemuda II, dibacakan pada 28 Oktober1928. Tanggal ini kemudian diperingati sebagai "Hari Sumpah Pemuda".
Rumusan Sumpah Pemuda ditulis Moehammad Yamin pada sebuah kertas ketika Mr. Sunario, sebagai utusan kepanduan tengah berpidato pada sesi terakhir kongres. Sumpah tersebut awalnya dibacakan oleh Soegondo dan kemudian dijelaskan panjang-lebar oleh Yamin.
Isi
Sumpah Pemuda versi orisinal
Pertama
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe bertoempah darah jang satoe, tanah Indonesia.
Kedoea
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe berbangsa jang satoe, bangsa Indonesia.
Ketiga
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mendjoendjoeng bahasa persatoean, bahasa Indonesia.
Pertama
Kami putra dan putri Indonesia, mengaku bertumpah darah yang satu, tanah air Indonesia.
Kedua
Kami putra dan putri Indonesia, mengaku berbangsa yang satu, bangsa Indonesia.
Ketiga
Kami putra dan putri Indonesia, menjunjung tinggi bahasa persatuan, bahasa Indonesia.
Kongres Pemuda II
Gagasan penyelenggaraan Kongres Pemuda Kedua berasal dari Perhimpunan Pelajar Pelajar Indonesia (PPPI), sebuah organisasi pemuda yang beranggota pelajar dari seluruh Indonesia. Atas inisiatif PPPI, kongres dilaksanakan di tiga gedung yang berbeda dan dibagi dalam tiga kali rapat.
Rapat pertama, Sabtu, 27 Oktober1928, di Gedung Katholieke Jongenlingen Bond (KJB), Waterlooplein (sekarang Lapangan Banteng). Dalam sambutannya, ketua PPI Sugondo Djojopuspito berharap kongres ini dapat memperkuat semangat persatuan dalam sanubari para pemuda. Acara dilanjutkan dengan uraian Moehammad Yamin tentang arti dan hubungan persatuan dengan pemuda. Menurutnya, ada lima faktor yang bisa memperkuat persatuan Indonesia yaitu sejarah, bahasa, hukum adat, pendidikan, dan kemauan
Rapat kedua, Minggu, 28 Oktober 1928, di Gedung Oost-Java Bioscoop, membahas masalah pendidikan. Kedua pembicara, Poernomowoelan dan Sarmidi Mangoensarkoro, berpendapat bahwa anak harus mendapat pendidikan kebangsaan, harus pula ada keseimbangan antara pendidikan di sekolah dan di rumah. Anak juga harus dididik secara demokratis.
Pada rapat penutup, di gedung Indonesische Clubgebouw di Jalan Kramat Raya 106, Sunario menjelaskan pentingnya nasionalisme dan demokrasi selain gerakan kepanduan. Sedangkan Ramelan mengemukakan, gerakan kepanduan tidak bisa dipisahkan dari pergerakan nasional. Gerakan kepanduan sejak dini mendidik anak-anak disiplin dan mandiri, hal-hal yang dibutuhkan dalam perjuangan.
Sebelum kongres ditutup diperdengarkan lagu "Indonesia Raya" karya Wage Rudolf Supratman yang dimainkan dengan biola saja tanpa syair, atas saran Sugondo kepada Supratman. Lagu tersebut disambut dengan sangat meriah oleh peserta kongres. Kongres ditutup dengan mengumumkan rumusan hasil kongres. Oleh para pemuda yang hadir, rumusan itu diucapkan sebagai Sumpah Setia.
Bangunan di Jalan Kramat Raya 106, tempat dibacakannya Sumpah Pemuda, adalah sebuah rumah pondokan untuk pelajar dan mahasiswa milik Sie Kok Liong
Gedung Kramat 106 sempat dipugar Pemda DKI Jakarta 3 April-20 Mei1973 dan diresmikan Gubernur DKI Jakarta, Ali Sadikin, pada 20 Mei1973 sebagai Gedung Sumpah Pemuda. Gedung ini kembali diresmikan oleh Presiden Soeharto pada 20 Mei1974. Dalam perjalanan sejarah, Gedung Sumpah Pemuda pernah dikelola Pemda DKI Jakarta, dan saat ini dikelola Kementrian Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata.
Raden Ajeng Kartini was born on 21 April 1879 in Jepara. She was a leading feminist of women emancipation in Indonesia. Her father was an assistant for the district chief of the city. Her first dream was becoming like her mother, working hard for others. She went to a Dutch school but when she was 12 years old her father prohibited her from continuing her studies because of the tradition - a noble girl was not allowed to have a higher education, they had to be secluded.
Ibu Kartini was very concerned because of education in Indonesia especially for women. Because of her concerns, she found a school only for women in Indonesia.
She sometimes discussed the issues together with a Dutch couple, the Ovinks. They were amazed with Kartini's fluency in Dutch. Kartini had a book to read from Mrs. Ovink and started to correspond with people in the Netherlands. In her letter to her pen friends, Kartini always discussed feminist matters and revealed her dream of equality between men and women in Indonesia. Kartini insisted that she continue her studies although her father was against it. Finally Kartini wrote a letter to the Education and Culture Director, Mr. Abendanon, who sent her a very promising reply. Kartini married a regent and moved to Rembang in 1903 in Central Java. She wrote a book called "Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang" (Through Darkness to Light) which consists of the collection of her letters to her friends. She passed away in November 1904 while giving birth to her first son.
Every school from kindergarten to high school level celebrates Kartini Day by having a flag ceremony and singing the Ibu Kartini song. Kindergarten and elementary schools usually have special events like poem reading competitions, drawing competitions, modeling competitions (girls wear a costume like Ibu Kartini's, with kebaya and batik cloth. In Jepara there is a Kartini Museum which contains a collection of Kartini's personal belongings, including furniture from her house, several photos, letters written by her and other documents relating to her life.
How do you know whether you can be a successful entrepreneur, or if you are better off as a salaried employee? While there is no surefire formula for success, studies have shown that successful entrepreneurs share these ten characteristics. Check if you possess any one of them.
by Isabel M. Isidro
Running a one-person business is a creative, flexible and challenging way to become your own boss and chart your own future. It is about creating a life, as it is about making a living. It takes courage, determination and foresight to decide to become an entrepreneur
. From the relatively safe cocoon of the corporate world, where paychecks arrive regularly, you will be venturing into the unchartered territories of business.
Is there a way to determine whether you can be a successful entrepreneur, or you are better off to work for somebody else? Alas, there is no formula for success. However, most successful entrepreneurs share these ten characteristics. Check if you possess any one of them:
1. Think success.To attain the kind of success that you want, you need to dream big. Every success story starts with big dreams. You need to have big dreams for yourself - which you want to be somebody rich, famous or fulfilled. You need to have a clear vision of what you want to achieve. But it doesn't stop in dreaming alone. You should actively visualize success in your mind that you can almost feel it, touch it or it is within your reach. Play this image back at every opportunity. What does it feel to triple your current income? How will your life change? What will your business look like if you achieved the million-dollar mark?
Successful entrepreneurs possess an attitude of openness and faith that you can have what you want if you can simply envision it as the first step on the path of action to acquiring it. Management gurus have taught us the power of visualization - seeing yourself in your mind as having accomplished your dreams. If you want to be a successful writer, envision yourself signing books for a throng of people who have lined up to have your autograph. If you want to be rich, picture yourself in luxurious surroundings holding a fat bank account. And the process of envisioning success for you should be a constant activity! You need to think that you are successful (or will be one) every single waking hour. A personal development coach shared me her secret to help her continuously visualize her goals for the moment: when climbing stairs, recite your goal with every step you take. So if you want more money, say "I will have money" in every step of the stairs. This technique will reinforce your goal and keep it fresh in your consciousness.
2. Be passionate with what you do. You start a business to change any or all part of your life. To attain this change, you need to develop or uncover an intense, personal passion to change the way things are and to live life to the fullest. Success comes easily if you love what you do. Why? Because we are more relentless in our pursuit of goals about things that we love. If you hate your job right now, do you think you will ever be successful at it? Not in a million years! You may plod along, even become competent at the tasks, but you will never be a great success at it. You will achieve peak performance and do what you have to do to succeed only if you are doing something that interests you or something that you care about. Entrepreneurs who succeed do not mind the fact that they are putting in 15 or 18 hours a day to their business because they absolutely love what they do. Success in business is all about patience and hard work, which can only be attained if you are passionate and crazy with your tasks and activities.
3. Focus on your strengths. Let's face it; you cannot be everything to everybody. Each of us has our own strengths and weaknesses. To be effective, you need to identify your strengths and concentrate on it. You will become more successful if you are able to channel your efforts to areas that you do best. In business, for example, if you know you have good marketing instincts, then harness this strength and make full use of it. Seek help or assistance in areas that you may be poor at, such as accounting or bookkeeping. To transform your weakness to strength, consider taking hands-on learning or formal training.
4. Never consider the possibility of failure. Ayn Rand, in her novel The Fountainhead, wrote, "It is not in the nature of man - nor of any living entity, to start out by giving up." As an entrepreneur, you need to fully believe in your goals, and that you can do it. Think that what you are doing will contribute to the betterment of your environment and your personal self. You should have a strong faith in your idea, your capabilities and yourself. You must believe beyond a shadow of a doubt that you have the ability to recognize and fulfill them. The more you can develop faith in your ability to achieve your goals, the more rapidly you can attain it. However, your confidence should be balanced with calculated risks that you need to take to achieve greater rewards. Successful entrepreneurs are those who analyze and minimize risk in the pursuit of profit. As they always say, "no guts, no glory."
5. Plan accordingly. You have a vision, and you have enough faith in yourself to believe that you can achieve your vision. But do you know how to get to your vision? To achieve your vision, you need to have concrete goals that will provide the stepping-stone towards your ultimate vision. Put your goals in writing; not doing so just makes them as intangible fantasies. You need to plan each day in such a way that your every action contributes to the attainment of your vision. Do you foresee yourself as the next Martha Stewart of hand-made home furnishings? Perhaps today, you need to see an artist to help you conceptualize the new line of hand-made linens that you hope to launch. Intense goal orientation is the characteristic of every successful entrepreneur. They have a vision, and they know how to get there. Your ability to set goals and make plans for your accomplishment is the skill required to succeed. Plan, plan and plan - because without which failure is guaranteed.
6. Work hard!Every successful entrepreneur works hard, hard and hard. No one achieves success just by sitting and staring at the wall every single day. Brian Tracy puts it out this way, "You work eight hours per day for survival; everything over eight hours per day is for success." Ask any successful businessperson and they will tell you immediately that they had to work more than 60 hours per week at the start of their businesses. Be prepared to say goodbye to after-office drinks every day, or a regular weekend get-away trip. If you are in a start-up phase, you will have to breathe, eat and drink your business until it can stand on its own. Working hard will be easy if you have a vision, clear goals, and are passionate with what you do.
7. Constantly Look for Ways to Network. In business, you are judged by the company you keep - from your management team, board of directors, and strategic partners. Businesses always need assistance, more so small businesses. Maybe the lady you met in a trade association meeting can help you secure funding, or the gentleman at a conference can provide you with management advise. It is important to form alliances with people who can help you, and whom you can help in return. To succeed in business, you need to possess good networking skills and always be alert to opportunities to expand your contacts.
8. Willingness to Learn. You do not need to be a MBA degree holder or PhD graduate to succeed in your own business. In fact, there are a lot of entrepreneurs who did not even finish secondary education. Studies show that most self-made millionaires have average intelligence. Nonetheless, these people reached their full potentials achieved their financial and personal goals in business because they are willing to learn. To succeed, you must be willing to ask questions, remain curious, interested and open to new knowledge. This willingness to learn becomes more crucial given the rapid changes in technologies and ways of doing business.
9. Persevere and have faith.No one said that the road to success is easy. Despite your good intentions and hard work, sometimes you will fail. Some successful entrepreneurs suffered setbacks and resounding defeats, even bankruptcy, yet managed to quickly stand up to make it big in their fields. Your courage to persist in the face of adversity and ability to bounce back after a temporary disappointment will assure your success. You must learn to pick yourself up and start all over again. Your persistence is the measure of the belief in yourself. Remember, if you persevere, nothing can stop you.
10. Discipline yourself.Thomas Huxley once said, "Do what you should do, when you should do it, whether you like it or not." Self-discipline is the key to success. The strength of will to force yourself to pay the price of success - doing what others don't like to do, going the extra mile, fighting and winning the lonely battle with yourself.
Perseteruan Israel dengan Palestina telah terjadi sejak jaman dahulu kala sebelum zaman Masehi. Di dalam Alkitab telah diceritakan adanya seorang pahlawan yang memiliki kekuatan luar biasa yaitu pada masa penjajahan Filistin terhadap bangsa Yahudi. Bangsa Filistine merupakan nenek moyang dari bangsa Arab dan Yahudi adalah nenek moyang dari bangsa Israel yang sekarang ini.
Perseteruan Israel dengan Palestina akan terus berlangsung sepanjang umur dunia ini yang merupakan tanda dari "Perjanjian" antara Allah dengan manusia. Jika perseteruan mereka usai, maka hal tersebut merupakan tanda bahwa dunia ini sudah akan berakhir. Makanya jangan bersedih atau gusar dengan sejarah perseteruan mereka yang sepanjang zaman akan berseteru.
Sekarang Indonesia sendiri bagaimana ? Indonesia adalah sebuah negara yang berdiri dengan sejarah tersendiri yang unik ditengah negara=negara lain di dunia. Indonesia bukanlah negara yang ditakdirkan untuk mengalami perang saudara sepanjang zaman tentunya. Tapi bisa mengalaminya bila memang bangsa ini menghendaki. Dunia terus berputar dan pada suatu saat sautu titik akan kembali ke tempat yang sama. Kehidupan hanyalah sebuah siklus yang berulang-ulang sepanjang zaman. Pagi kembali pagi, siang kembali ke siang, begitu dan begitu seterusnya.
